办世界杯是否是一场巨大的浪费？
The Lausanne data only includes expenses related to venues, such as constructing a stadium, and logistics, such as staffing costs. It ignores the value of indirect projects, like Qatar’s metro infrastructure and new hotels. Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term. But many costly stadiums eventually go unused, and the events rarely spark economic development in surrounding areas.
段落精讲
Para 1: FOOTBALL FANS can hardly accuse Qatarof being tight-fisted. The Arab state has reportedly spent $300bn in the 12 years since it won the rights to host the men’s World Cup. It only expects the tournamentto inject $17bn back into its economy. Much of that spending spree has gone into building infrastructure, including a whizzynew metro system built to accommodate the 1.5m visitors expected to show up to football’s biggest party. Organisers insist all the construction will serve a purpose even after the final goals are scored. They should hope so. As an investment, sporting mega-events are almost always a dud (see chart).
参考译文： 卡塔尔在本次足球赛事上的慷慨无可指摘。据报道，这个阿拉伯国家在赢得男子足球世界杯的举办权后的12年里豪掷了3000亿美元。而该赛事的举办预计只能带回170亿美元的收入。大部分资金投入了基础设施建设，这其中包含了引入了先进技术的全新地铁系统，足以服务150万前来参与此次足球盛会的游客。规划者坚称，这些建设工程将在赛后继续用于其他功能。他们的确应该做这样的考虑。从投资角度来看，大型体育赛事几乎总是失败的。
accuse of谴责，控告
I certainly don't want to accuse of them having bad intentions.
我当然不想指责他们有不良意图。
Human beings accuse of the injustice not because they are willingly but afraid of being at the sacrifice of it.
人类对于不公正的行为加以指责，并非因为他们愿意做出这种行为，而是惟恐自己会成为这种行为的牺牲者。
tournament [ˈtʊənəmənt]n. 锦标赛，联赛
She sprang a surprise by winning the tournament.
这次比赛她获得冠军，爆了个大冷门。
After all, The Masters is an invitational tournament.
毕竟，这项大师赛是一场邀请赛。
whizzy [ˈwɪzi]adj. 技术先进的，技术上创新的
And the early evidence suggests that those whizzy new connected sets are not always connected.
早前有证据也显示那些新兴的联网电视并非总是处于连接状态。
Mr Madoff claimed to achieve healthy, stable returns through a whizzy stock- and options-trading strategy.
他声称快速股票-股票预购买卖计划可以让投资者得到健康，稳定的回报。
Para 2: Between 1964 and 2018, 31 out of 36 big events (such as World Cups or summer and winter Olympics) racked up chunkylosses, according to researchers at the University of Lausanne. Of the 14 World Cups they analysed, only one has ever been profitable: Russia’s in 2018 generated a surplus of $235m, buoyed by a huge deal for broadcasting rights. Still, the tournament only managed a 4.6% return on investment. (The data for Mexico’s World Cup in 1986 is incomplete. It probably ran a deficit.)
参考译文：洛桑大学的研究人员指出，1964至2018年期间，统计的36场大型赛事（例如世界杯或夏季、冬季奥运会）中，有31场最终亏损惨重。在他们分析的14场世界杯中，只有一届是盈利的：2018年，俄罗斯最终收获了2.35亿美元的盈余，这得益于转播权的巨额交易。尽管如此，这项赛事的投资回报率仅有4.6%（1986年墨西哥世界杯的数据有缺失，但估计是亏损的。）
chunky [ˈtʃʌŋki] adj. 矮胖的；粗短的
The soprano was a chunky girl from California.
这名女高音是一位来自加利福尼亚的粗壮女孩。
Her taste in fiction was for chunky historical romances.
她以前喜欢的小说是大部头的历史爱情故事。
chunky losses也可以表示“亏损惨重”
profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəb(ə)l]adj. 盈利的，有利可图的
Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in the U.S.
药品生产是美国最赚钱的行业。
Other less profitable services are to be axed later this year.
其他盈利较少的服务项目预定今年稍晚将大量削减。
profitably作为它的副词，表示“能带来利益地”
In fact he could scarcely have spent his time more profitably.
事实上他几乎不可能把他的时间花得更有益了。
Para 3: Almost all the main expensesfall on the host country. FIFA, the sport’s governing body, covers only operational costs. Yet it takes home most of the revenue: ticket sales, sponsorships and broadcasting rights go into its coffers. The last World Cup, for instance, scored FIFA a cool $5.4bn, part of which is then transferred to national teams.
参考译文： 几乎所有的主要开销都由东道主国家承担。作为世界杯赛事的举办机构，国际足联（FIFA）只承担运营成本。然而它却把大部分收入收入囊中：门票收入、赞助和转播权收入都进了它的金库。例如，上一届世界杯就为国际足联带来了足足54亿美元的收入，其中的一部分再次支付给了各国球队。
expenses [ɪkˈspensɪz]n. 业务费用，报销
He's bought a big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.
他花了很多钱买了台大电视，这样人人都可以看清楚了。
Her airfare and hotel expenses were paid by the committee.
她乘飞机及住酒店的费用由该委员会支付了。
revenue [ˈrevənjuː] n. （企业、组织的）收入，收益
If they overestimate, they lose revenue.
如果他们过高地估算，就会损失收入。
France derives 16% of revenue from air freight.
法国国家税收的16%来自于航空货运。
tax revenues税收
Because of the purchase, therefore, overall annual tax revenue will be lower than it would have been if development had occurred.
因此，由于购买的原因，每年的总体税收将低于开发的情况。
This generated little commerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult.
这使得市中心在晚上几乎没有商业活动，商业和税收收入难以维持市政运营。
Para 4: The Lausanne data only includes expenses related to venues, such as constructing a stadium, and logistics, such as staffing costs. It ignores the value of indirect projects, like Qatar’s metro infrastructure and new hotels. Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term. But many costly stadiums eventually go unused, and the events rarely spark economic development in surrounding areas.
参考译文： 洛桑大学的数据仅仅统计了和场馆设施相关的费用，例如场馆建设，以及产生的物流成本和人工成本。一些间接项目支出没有被统计，例如卡塔尔新修的地铁系统和酒店们。有些基础设施的建设能够在长期内提振当地经济的生产力。但许多耗资巨大的场馆最终都无人使用，而且这些赛事也很难带动周边地区的经济发展。
logistics [ləˈdʒɪstɪks]n. 后勤，组织工作
The skills and logistics of getting such a big show on the road pose enormous practical problems.
这样的一个大型节目进行巡演在技术和后勤方面都会面临大量实际问题。
logistics industry物流产业
Electronic commerce in nowages, world logistics industry contain new development trend.
在当今的电子商务时代，全球物流产业有了新的发展趋势。
staffing costs员工成本；人工费用
Remember to factor in staffing costs when you are planning the project.
规划该项目时，记住要把雇人费用这个因素考虑进去。
Unit Labour costs are the best estimate of staffing costs faced by firms.
测算单位劳动力成本是企业估算人力成本的最好方法。
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